Son of a Tech
Science & Tech • Investing & Finance
Linux Workshop Part 3
File System Navigation
January 28, 2023
post photo preview

Absolute Path

An "absolute path" on a Linux computer is like a full address for a specific file or folder. Just like how you need a full address to know where to send a letter, a computer needs a full address to know where to find a file or folder. An absolute path starts with the "root" folder, which is the very topmost folder on the computer, and then gives the complete list of all the other folders you need to go through to get to the file or folder you want.

 

To navigate to the topmost directory in linux type use the command “cd /”

cYKzQqyUYn4y3_D5_1gfyBM7XACse0jpDIOsVe4KkpcE9UXAPaTqARVnLjaSdqsj1N662wpAtq9Pic5l69EcFoO-J2-qsm8j4g6TsbkUqH5S8qepKSAkedaFTaVr6upvsvWELe2bFxyKpby3UwqDiqamY9HkITSw-HdFU86GwHfCuAmrl5er9_bgW6W_aw

Relative Path

A "relative path" on a Linux computer is like giving directions to a friend to find a toy at your house. Instead of giving the full address of your house, you can just tell them where to find the toy by saying things like "go in the front door, then go up the stairs, then turn left, then go into my room and it's on the shelf." A relative path on a computer works the same way. It tells the computer where to find a file or folder by giving directions starting from where you are right now in the file system, instead of starting from the very top. It makes it easier for you to navigate around the computer, because you don't have to remember the full address for everything.

 

To find what directory you are currently in use the command “pwd”

av0BON692FLGDepIThAZbcr2RqK0JWslAtzjMWsn4eeolTkhmDIFGSuuFBzY3Jnfg02C2WPKKwXtkXbtazqzW3mpFUf_6pSPIsUaBhF3kjeqCjj0nKCaEJROlMOOoqGwJVNWLPmXaEgjvtVhXw3qEZ6-BNbUKCW5s-6W671X6wGyIOwsRH1z5O_i-0LzAw

man Command

The "man" command in Linux is short for "manual." It is a command that you can use to read the manual pages for different programs and tools on your Linux computer. Manual pages are like instructions or a user guide for a program, that tells you what the program does, how to use it, and what the different options and commands are. When you type "man" followed by the name of a program, the manual page for that program will be displayed on the screen for you to read.

 

To find all of the different options for ls command use the command “man ls” 

_bJ-IDn-aWCmciaDbrEst5FxgZA1iTL3Z2_o05nH3fesDiohv47Gm7hrvlQqf0O9Jtz_Xl_cPVpSnA65xNFUaBEGD7FU1LB06wpsjPa7Jl3n4317HKFOuK8hvQ4Q6aaGbwZewpYnBbdpKF7SWmh50YI4ryFN2DGAtjkqH6_vUWx4Y_DVK09bZvlpOup3Ng

cd Command

The "cd" command in Linux is used to change the current directory. The "current directory" is like the folder that you are currently inside of on your computer. When you open a terminal window, you are automatically in a specific folder, and you can use the "cd" command to move around to different folders on your computer.

 

  • To find current directory start with the command “pwd”

dxX_g-BY0sEmfLk4ZKWWWnmb4q5Tr5pI9ahyPY2B4SdSoDD77JJ4uMOyTMluroe6YdynNyALMz-9sIo9vKM7yGeXVVQyoRICIg6JK4P3BHFAXqbHJ69JI9Tqxmnv_s3N4sbFGpjSoq8x_z6X9YJOxbCLstM73Q23URHCreDMwzPoSW6sxdvvKfGGf4bJSw

  • To move to the upmost directory in linux type the command “cd /”

I2eTgQctw7y7L5Wh6fla1K7o6M2nMl33HeYeUZelQuNZ_bVVMNuivJZfARFhsg2Mcz9-0bZAUZUWj8vghu-Kl8EU05JI32HPMFcWtuUCbaW6YyZs9TgXG9bNsZWvZytKskCw6E84I46mPmumKks-KfvDgOm1SAIyYUTyQ5hQ4JGRCScVyyAY3JfTlyyG8g

  • To move to the home directory of currently logged in user type the command “cd ~”

iV2hhS_enlTSIiYxeWGq38Lki5VAdPaGJJkU3uUhcvYKg8nfJPjePG9dH6jMYA_BQOQI8AmvYVPrJQfJz0yU-b0rt73GiOwWFVdBcIWaRLBbrUg-1HEIBcZzLfBDHlqpLA7o8poUrD5ZBw5-zMdnsiHvm-DKbaOhP4BaFmyZK6uVT61rRUfIg4KfxAeGJA

  • To move up one folder in the system type the command “cd ..”

NEiX3kwQ24u4Et8UOfO2mvBYEXVXrqPxSD4Nu1P9LK3CP4N8EcI24th83pBkyhAuo-rqA8RH1vZD7QkOTZQW5TK7bjKMkIXETFxztI1eOsMbCbXRRdG9rIvUdiskvq7Z0vOC71e-1fbrhdSrFfB8RNe2HBKUpuxN39I3zzpnck6qUxYHoSSucsv-q8SayQ

  • To move to a folder using absolute path you must type in the full path of the desired location. For example to move into the home directory of the currently logged in user with absolute path type the command “cd /home/username”

3wLwOJIdfOolfuY0rmZrbTu-dRBUfegX-linT0MzS1F_MtYN1vvbE4HeM-w3RR_oMGK4hQbNhF0_LhYUkOK-AXf6auleCc7Abk6sHODSVHLuR0Px5izVnrVInAoRyHfabIRcxUDIALSsc_ucHAk0ak2xqu987nLuS1NiyTe9k-_ONzV1KN0no_YhsoKoqg

  • To navigate to a directory from the current directory via relative path type the command “cd ‘directory-name’”

XAtxLGKLy9JEB4IHvCAF7NKSFFwPPVUR_gPKIagmyiIk1HafN71VQfECfTyM74r4Yesk_C3qelrtfBIwaT4vMowgfayaGiOOCSNaETB_PvFr_zCCz4MwHtXB0BcEkLhoZ9nAakRbaQeISJz4pwH0H5YPaaSFa34NfvQcSECWiAXJFcaEMcpsQoa-JMLOoA

  • Relative path does not use the “/” in front of the path name. If you are moving to a directory that is held within another directory you will use the command “cd ‘directoryname1/directoryname2’”

0LZtVsoVJK9-cUQeMyONDTCYaq7GJ252b3TdEeip_rK_44t-ebf3c4s1zmnucvDhzBq_tC8KzccpA09XYdMgBk50ceiA4bGNF9CX9j5HFNrvpM28X2truCLzgzWDPUMcBRzd2MlDADMDTNPERP7FJzyeNMd8KRzuIk9ev9KT6Se6yFSrgPyPaGSMpUuJsw

ls Command

The "ls" command in Linux is used to list the files and folders in a directory. When you run the "ls" command, it will show you the names of all the files and folders that are inside the current directory.

 

  • To find all the options for the command use the command “man ls”

TSXkVea1LwU2i5vh14ZWmOPTT_S65LpxgihfP526PPA1uewi8YUUqm0p7duJexs4oi7t8ommdY8_O0usQOdBb1FijgPbmb7soKY1d3Ui8YeYO3Vo2SffrpFMYQELRkROlQ6NmFLyYaWmWvPMlAURGQVvFgRKauKYrmvMri2_G2LBU8NNhE4839Qm_WZdhg

  • The most common options used with ls is l - long list format, t - newest first and r - reverse order while sorting and looks like this "ls -ltr"

kckOWhd6whBSb2sibfFbOhTIkKsTTPhwlnd4YbMFuxMvEdUytms2D1x5MGmqu7Opb4uWvMKgwphQDMC4MdXWcUvEfdkFRXEqFkSX1ZMQbwgosFi4eVpD0dw3BfBxcmSKYIkLnGmHpQVzW7qyDjFymNKtkc7GtPiOj_6rS5MIIHssY6YdUHQ0zteemwV-uw

wc Command

The "wc" command in Linux is short for "word count." It is a command that you can use to count the number of lines, words, and characters in a text file. In addition it will could the number of files in a directory using the pipe command.

 

  • To find all the options for wc use the command “man wc”

NKa75kRnXSY964oBVHNvamZep1va6oe2nyZowDqvfxJsdwqB_qq5J_FasRQy6vT93gHrprmRrzraCJjoZ0Wv5BjXhNt6QtXGeNaJiyLHwTzxLa1Tj3sY9AXWiLEWiD-WvY12empuNUzeZXowIsEgqsiQ56LOV31snKKVr54Ilv0RIWZa2v2VoA7Crtxnvw

  • To display the amount of words in a text file use the command “wc -w filename”

39CnAb9tioWXVg_x9xQzbEo0QKPyXGNaQTK4Ub1IbNE0ifyX-VU_Gim4c5ZMTsk_x6agRgTIgpdzb3_OjoJ-GFJio9f8xaAqkKxikZbb2bBxvEv-cJXhrYhV6n3pjRvhP5WE2goyAtOeFZfInzB7VaWE74AyaaCNxyumAa75xQsrWifIgp7eeC2kGiKdqQ

  • To find the amount of files and directories in a directory you will need to use a pipe command. In this case is will look like this “ls | wc -l”

RG-VtFDfL5i1DoKZCUU4Kq8Dr-P5EKWXfEK6BuHP-qS8YNNvHXRoYbAugyfUmquHvtiic9CO7r6Paax8Fyu4TN3WhF-e4wzp-s_kV7cD0TeDTHaPB1tnNPUKD6aN8HX2ncuVGtTnUX67bAKKC5KwAam3z7EEP8ECNEMWQJTrj1UypFvWLdavgjue-pcLrw

 

more and less Commands

The "more" command in Linux is used to display the contents of a text file one page at a time. When you run the "more" command followed by the name of a text file, it will show you the first page of the file, and then pause. You can then press the spacebar to see the next page, or press "q" to quit and exit. 

 

The “less” command is just the more command in reverse but allows for you to go up and down with pgUP and pgDOWN buttons on the keyboard.

 

  • Change directory to the upmost directory with the command “cd /” 

lbETb-6yLYhcKT3T5kjbeTmnYntWsarv8R53uo7ihO_oTpMHQlQGVS3gIQKjU_7C4g9HDLNd8Xto-f6YsVBhwFo0tsIpbcI5w1vqjxzXOxMp8Jc_VrVVIZTOVtF2VeRRI65gyFnq6pnC-_z2OD2rEO9yEk_UrwE08ruf5mypRQAe3y9iWcvyN5S-EyYZrQ

  • To view the contents of the directory page by page type the command “ls -ltr | more”

X9rDAbYoHDMvZ1GsyNYQ1MAfUqYAJusQ-Lc1UzjwgsEcWVjQ11lZ63OCyV6ZTJm7zjXExusSuRudrYTID4hCPh4Olm74kWWbHwxoeYXMMJsFtiyowCmkOf6ljIvG1TtGrm_xFheajkuJEoeJUEvWYtiDUGjIghIPdjT5_WF9U76F_6eQbBvM6rk21deOSA

  • To view the contents of the directory in reverse order page by page with the ability to move up and down use the command “ls -ltr | less” to quit press q

uvu6B0gi4KHel5EU_RVKkPTbBzbrF1mu2n7yaogIv0zEV0NFKyGfkk8H-llEuniosy48sQvBRioGeIJhuurw0xvSnYLeaHmv9OAkLyN36TQuxn8Kr6o7lkfdYRT6GqjMOuE5XHYILVIPQyfMVo1rMD8hDBQjWSmZW-6om-NgFmwqAJFqbC3VC3D-WV2O5A

 

grep Command

 

The "grep" command in Linux is used to search for a specific text pattern in a file or a group of files. "grep" stands for "global regular expression print." It searches for a specific string of characters, called a regular expression, within a file or a group of files and returns the lines that contain that expression.

  • To find a users details in the passwd file type the command “cat /etc/passwd | grep user”

nfL0T-ZAPLROcctboKj5dkjUXjhx-mqPJhsRArd31S2iD70hnLeJAqC43tovXUBWA6GqFqV5YS04aJdGD2tfnWwnpoizu6B-Pn2vBCZZRyl1Fll09VBv4poEmHOi1BDSwf2tAqMS2Ydn3XXy0mniOa1cgQrQIZg2J3y4Wf9N4HrWw25HSrmkSKLfiBnvnQ

  • To see what port the ssh service is running on you can use the command “sudo lsof -i -P -n | grep sshd”

6-W8FvdveHYUyNUcE5XkGQEyEt7VjwTczm6pg3OnT01RibvOI2tp-E64KDLWJ_lW7LqseEIzZLkuRu6dhy9jDPybSbWUmVXoiTtG5HEcTiTUrjsOzgmsW63nhZC41_V6IQUsTuVcqXbapG_ogegdmcVgytAg6OMFVHDahDlZEVbj1-KLysjHbLszB6P9uQ

 

 

community logo
Join the Son of a Tech Community
To read more articles like this, sign up and join my community today
0
What else you may like…
Videos
Posts
Articles
BC-250 Bios Crack and Settings

Here are the files with AMD flash and instructions https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WxRBqj9QZ_hwYzBsy5kzGmhQt7cUK4SW/view?usp=sharing unpack to a dos bootable drive created with rufus and follow video. To get into bios remove all drives. I also recommend turning off silent boot.

How to Buy Melania Meme

Use my referral for Ape pro: https://ape.pro/?ref=UZOt9qW9oUOa

Phantom Wallet: https://phantom.com/

Join Locals for exclusive content https://sonofatech.locals.com/
Check out the Crypto Mining Ecourse at https://sonofatech.com

Ergo Address: 9fCyhudURbDSA2qi9k3sh1LgbHwyFwT6fck7wQW2YYWk9xR1miN
ETH Address: 0x8446b70aA05c811d7bF590e6EDE3d90C00391FcE
ETC Address: 0x8446b70aA05c811d7bF590e6EDE3d90C00391FcE
ZIL Address: zil135ajqdgf9mj6r50e8t28p98xvsss8ay7cppyx5
RVN Address: RLS9LQQg3JyjZV8p2DigMrK3S2qR8syax2
BTC Address: bc1qrk5gvvcxnvaatl9eek8pld6xs5sw0c24tgaenp
KAS Address: kaspa:qzwqvpqnxnnfy7y8zdllms68yxvh9htt74rgytn0yjlwlydwcsvjgn0cz0fz6
Flux Address: t1a276Sn6AALj6ifkgMBi8cuxa2415UajsW
LTC Address: LbNTMKfnGVoBktK1v4MtGpsoXaECRzQ1sT
XMR: 4AG3vNVkPaZ5syjKRfaHNE6CJeZ3e1g3w6pwTTZsLZXYFEpcnZtKX5TQQ6WQ2gNUQ7YVQCXP7apcvigmZvuYLgX97YLmaTa

Affiliate Links
SimpleMiningOS: https://simplemining.net/ref?user=sonofatech
Octominer: https://octominer.com/?aff=blindrun
Amazon: https://amzn.to/3bmHH2V
Coastal ...

Yet Another Spec Mine
CMP170HX 10G/8G Group Buy

@Mark-coastal Coastal Crypto is offering the community a group buy option. $375 per card with $45 flat shipping fee. Six card minimum for the price and it will be random wether you get an 8GB or 10GB model. I can help facilitate the group buy for you all. Can we get a list together in the comments?

June 01, 2025

Tried the new BC250 bios. It gave me a small bump in RandomX (~2.7 Kh/s)...unfortunately that algo needs 2 MB L3 cache/thread. BC250s might be a good play when Tari forks so it can mine on both the GPU and CPU.

Huge efficiency gains on my vanilla s19 95Ts making my entire operation way way more profitable...

LUXOS
11.88V 410MHZ EACH BOARD
57TH @ 1280 watts 22.5 jT/H

If miner doesn't like the clocks "silicon lottery" bump voltage 11.9-12 and keep your MHZ between 405-415 ive got all machines 22.5-25 JTH

September 10, 2024
post photo preview
Another Rusty Spec Mine

Thanks to @ScarTalon for finding this one. 

 


Resources

Node: https://github.com/astrix-network/astrix-node

Miner: https://github.com/paragone/astrix-miner

    -Website: https://astrix-network.com
    -Explorer: https://explorer.astrix-network.com
    -WebWallet: https://wallet.astrix-network.com
    -Discord: https://discord.com/invite/cwfDZJ9dHx
    -Telegram: https://t.me/astrix_network
    -X: https://x.com/astrix_network
    -Github: https://github.com/astrix-network

  • Get node software 

wget  https://github.com/astrix-network/astrix-node/releases/download/v0.14.1/astrix-node-v0.14.1-linux.zip

  • unzip 

unzip astrix-node-v0.14.1-linux.zip

  • start screen to test (can make service later)

screen -S astrixd

  • Enter Directory

cd astrix-node

  • Start node with mining settings

./astrixd --utxoindex --rpclisten-borsh=default --rpclisten=0.0.0.0:34150

  • ctrl+a+d to exit screen
  • Enter directory

cd astrix-node

  • Start Wallet

./astrix-wallet

  • Connect wallet to node

connect 127.0.0.1

  • Create Wallet

wallet create

  • Use hiveOS image in custom miner requires kernel 6.1 meaning latest beta and now they did update latest stable to 6.1 as long as you use replace option to upgrade to it or on first burn. GUI latest stable will not update the kernel. 

https://github.com/Dalkson/Wrapper-Builder/releases/download/astrix-miner/astrix-miner-v0.2.1.tar.gz

Read full Article
post photo preview
Skoof Wallet and Node Guide

This is a guide to build a wallet and node for the Xelis fork Skoof. The wallet guide is first and you can mine to the public node I have built with rigel miner now. Node Guide will be completed later.

 

 

Only for Supporters
To read the rest of this article and access other paid content, you must be a supporter
Read full Article
post photo preview
Yet Another Spec Mine Resources

The latest spec mine not available on miningpoolstats or exchanges. 

Check out the Video Here https://sonofatech.locals.com/post/5660644/yet-another-spec-mine

 


https://pugdag.com/

https://wallet.pugdag.com/

https://mining4people.com/

Read full Article
See More
Available on mobile and TV devices
google store google store app store app store
google store google store app tv store app tv store amazon store amazon store roku store roku store
Powered by Locals